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Hexagram 22: Bi (贲) — Grace

Hexagram 22, Bi (贲) — Grace, is the twenty-second figure of the Book of Changes, composed of the Mountain trigram over the Fire trigram; in the traditional reading it stands for beauty, adornment, and outward form.

Meaning

Grace is the hexagram of form rather than content. Fire burning at the foot of a mountain lights it from below and gives the whole shape its beauty, and the old readers saw in this a teaching about adornment: what is inside matters first, but the outside is what carries it into the world. The judgment is measured — success comes in small matters. Grace, the text says, can dress things up, but it is not the thing itself.

Applied to a living and a profession, this figure was read as the value of presentation. The lines speak of lending grace to the toes, to the beard, to the hills and gardens — a whole catalogue of surfaces. The counsel is not to despise polish, but to keep it in its place. A thing well made but badly presented goes unrecognised; a thing empty but beautifully presented soon shows its emptiness. The ancients balanced the two.

Where close bonds are concerned, the hexagram describes the courtesy and care that make a relationship presentable — the small attentions, the good manners, the effort to appear well before others. The last line, 'simple grace,' closes the figure by pulling everything back: when the ornament is stripped away and what remains is still graceful, that is the real thing. Embellishment, in the end, should rest on substance.

Read as a moment in a larger cycle, Grace marks a phase of shaping and finishing rather than of pushing ahead. The image of fire below the mountain is the glow that appears when a thing is nearly complete and the last touches are being put on. The old readers saw a season for refinement — for making small improvements and presenting what already exists, not for starting something new.

The Judgment

“Grace has success. In small matters it furthers one to undertake something.”

The Six Lines of Grace

Line 1He lends grace to his toes, leaves the carriage, and walks.
Line 2Lends grace to the beard on his chin.
Line 3Graceful and moist. Constant perseverance brings good fortune.
Line 4Grace or simplicity? A white horse comes as if on wings. He is not a robber; he will woo at the right time.
Line 5Grace in the hills and gardens. The roll of silk is meager and small. Humiliation, but in the end good fortune.
Line 6Simple grace. No blame.

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Frequently Asked Questions

How is Hexagram 22 put together from the trigrams?
Bi (贲) sets the Mountain trigram (Gen, 艮) over the Fire trigram (Li, 离). Fire glowing at the foot of a mountain illuminates its lower slopes — a picture of outward beauty cast over a firm underlying form.
Why does the judgment of Hexagram 22 say 'in small matters'?
The judgment reads: 'Grace has success. In small matters it furthers one to undertake something.' The old commentaries explain that adornment belongs to the details of life — manners, finish, presentation — and is not the right tool for great and weighty decisions, where substance alone should carry the weight.
What is the meaning of the final line, 'simple grace'?
The sixth line, 'Simple grace. No blame,' was taken as the climax of the figure. After all the ornamentation of the earlier lines, the text returns to plainness and finds it without fault — the teaching that true grace survives when the decoration is removed.

Related

Source: Judgment and line texts follow the Wilhelm/Baynes rendering of the Yijing.

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