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Hexagram 21: Shi He (噬嗑) — Biting Through

Hexagram 21, Shi He (噬嘌) — Biting Through, is the twenty-first figure of the I Ching, composed of the Fire trigram over the Thunder trigram; the ancients read it as an obstacle removed by a decisive bite.

Meaning

Shi He is the hexagram of cutting through an obstruction. The figure pictures a mouth with something hard between the teeth — an object that must be bitten through before the jaws can close — and the old readers saw any obstacle that blocks a union and can only be removed by a firm, decisive act. The judgment says it furthers one to administer justice. The image is of the firm line in the center biting through what stands in its way, and the teaching is that some obstacles yield to nothing but a clean, resolute bite.

Read against the working life, the figure is about the problem that will not dissolve on its own. The lines trace the bite through tender meat, through dried meat, through gristly meat — the commentators' scale of difficulty, each stage asking more resolve and more patience. The fourth line, receiving metal arrows, and the fifth, receiving yellow gold, mark the reward of the one who bites through hard things: difficulty met and mastered becomes a prize. But the bite must be aimed, not blind — force without justice merely bruises.

For a household or a partnership, Shi He was read as the difficult conversation, the grievance that festers until someone has the courage to name it. The obstruction between people, the ancients taught, is removed the same way as the object between the teeth — not by waiting for it to soften, but by one honest, decisive act of speech. The first line, feet in the stocks so the toes disappear, is their picture of the small restraint that warns before the greater one is needed.

Within a cycle, this figure marks a phase when progress is blocked by something specific and removable. The image of fire and thunder is the book's picture of a force that strikes and illuminates at once — judgment that is both firm and clear-sighted. The counsel is to find the exact point of obstruction and bite through it, neither flinching from the act nor striking at random, since the bite that clears the way is the one that lands where the obstacle truly is.

The Judgment

“Biting Through has success. It furthers one to administer justice.”

The Six Lines of Biting Through

Line 1His feet are fastened in the stocks, so that his toes disappear. No blame.
Line 2Bites through tender meat, so that his nose disappears. No blame.
Line 3Bites on old dried meat and strikes on something poisonous. Slight humiliation. No blame.
Line 4Bites on dried gristly meat. Receives metal arrows. It furthers one to be mindful of difficulties and to be persevering.
Line 5Bites on dried lean meat. Receives yellow gold. Perseveringly aware of danger. No blame.
Line 6His neck is fastened in the wooden cangue, so that his ears disappear. Misfortune.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Which trigrams form Hexagram 21?
Shi He (噬嘌) sets the Fire trigram (Li, 离) over the Thunder trigram (Zhen, 震). A mouth with something hard caught between the teeth was the ancients' image of an obstruction that blocks a union and must be bitten through — the root of the meaning.
What does the judgment of Hexagram 21 say?
It reads: 'Biting Through has success. It furthers one to administer justice.' The old commentaries explain that the figure is the book's picture of justice itself — the firm, clear act that removes what stands in the way, striking neither blindly nor in anger.
Why does Hexagram 21 speak of receiving metal arrows and gold?
The fourth and fifth lines — receiving metal arrows, and receiving yellow gold — were read as the reward of biting through hard things. The commentators saw in them the teaching that difficulty met with resolve becomes a prize: what is won by effort has a worth that what comes easily never carries.

Related

Source: Judgment and line texts follow the Wilhelm/Baynes rendering of the Yijing.

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